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Let's say a C program comprises two translation units, each of which declares the following type:
struct list {
struct list *next;
void *payload;
};
For deciding whether they are compatible, the following clause of the language standard applies:
"there shall be a one-to-one correspondence between their members such that each pair of corresponding members are declared with compatible types;"
Apparently the implementation may claim that such self-referential types are not compatible! 
Now suppose the program contains not two, but three such translation units. Let's say the instances of the struct type are A, B, and C. Can the implementation choose to A be compatible with B, B with C, but C incompatible with A?
@amonakov depends. Is the implementation's name "clang" or "gcc"?
@wolf480pl I'm probably missing what you're hinting at, but to me the most "interesting" (but not really) question is what choice an implementation aiming to detect many instances of UB, such as TIS-interpreter, would make.
@amonakov what I'm saying is major compilers can abuse every loophole in the spec and if they decide to do so, there's no convincing them to stop