ETIDIoH<p><strong>#Evidence of <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> A(#H5N1) #Spillover Infections in <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/horses/" target="_blank">#Horses</a>, #Mongolia</strong></p><p>Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal, <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/1/24-1266_article" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/1/24-1266_article</a> </p><p><strong><em><span>Abstract</span></em></strong><br><strong>Recent outbreaks </strong>of influenza A(H5N1) have affected many mammal species. We report <strong>serologic evidence of H5N1 virus infection </strong>in <strong>horses in Mongolia</strong>. Because <strong>H3N8 equine influenza </strong>virus is <strong>endemic </strong>in many countries, horses should be monitored to prevent <strong>reassortment </strong>between equine and avian influenza viruses with unknown consequences.</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah3n8-2/" target="_blank">#aH3n8</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/abstract/" target="_blank">#abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/equine-influenza/" target="_blank">#equineInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/horses/" target="_blank">#horses</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/mongolia/" target="_blank">#mongolia</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/research-2/" target="_blank">#research</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/seroprevalence-2/" target="_blank">#seroprevalence</a></p>
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#aH5n1
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ETIDIoH<p><strong>#Transmission #dynamics of highly pathogenic avian <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#influenza</a> virus at the <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/wildlife/" target="_blank">#wildlife</a> – <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/poultry-2/" target="_blank">#poultry</a> – #environmental #interface: A case study</strong></p><p>Source: OneHealth, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771424002581?via%3Dihub" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771424002581?via%3Dihub</a> </p><p><strong><em><span>Abstract</span></em></strong><br>Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) regularly circulate between <strong>wild and domestic bird populations</strong>. Following several high-profile outbreaks, <strong>highly pathogenic AIVs (HPAIV) with zoonotic potential have been the subject of increasing attention</strong>. While we know that HPAIV is <strong>transmitted between domestic birds, wildlife, and the environment</strong>, little is known about <strong>persistence and spillover/back at these interfaces</strong>. We integrated the <strong>test results of samples </strong>collected on and around <strong>an infected domestic poultry premise </strong>(IP) where <strong>H5N1 HPAIV </strong>was confirmed in a <strong>flock of poultry </strong>in 2022 in <strong>Southern Ontario, Canada </strong>to explore the <strong>transmission cycle </strong>of AIVs in <strong>wildlife </strong>and the <strong>environment</strong>. We sampled <strong>a captive flock of Mallards </strong>(Anas platyrhynchos) that resided on site, <strong>sediment samples </strong>collected from <strong>water bodies </strong>on site, and examined samples collected through surveillance within a 100 km radius of the IP from live wild ducks and sick and dead wildlife. We found <strong>serologic evidence of H5 exposure </strong>in the <strong>captive mallards </strong>that resided on site despite <strong>no evidence of morbidity or mortality </strong>in these birds and <strong>no PCR positive detections </strong>from samples collected at two different timepoints. <strong>Genetic material </strong>from the same H5N1 HPAIV subtype circulating in the domestic birds and from low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses were <strong>detected in wetlands on site</strong>. The results of <strong>live and sick and dead surveillance </strong>conducted within <strong>a 100 km radius </strong>confirmed that the <strong>virus was circulating in wildlife </strong>before and after IP confirmation. These results suggest that <strong>biosecurity remains </strong>the most critical aspect of minimising spillover/back risk in a virus that has been shown to circulate in <strong>asymptomatic wild birds </strong>and <strong>persist in the surrounding environment</strong>.</p><p>___</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/abstract/" target="_blank">#abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza/" target="_blank">#AVIANINFLUENZA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/bird-flu/" target="_blank">#birdFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/canada-2/" target="_blank">#canada</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#h5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ontario-2/" target="_blank">#ontario</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/poultry-2/" target="_blank">#poultry</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/research-2/" target="_blank">#research</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/wild-birds/" target="_blank">#WILDBIRDS</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong>Establishing #methods to #monitor <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#H5N1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#influenza</a> virus in dairy <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/cattle/" target="_blank">#cattle</a> #milk</strong></p><p>Source: MedRxIV, <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.24318491v1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.24318491v1</a> </p><p><strong><em><span>Abstract</span></em></strong><br>Highly Pathogenic <strong>Avian Influenza strain H5N1 </strong>has caused <strong>a multi-state outbreak among US dairy cattle</strong>, spreading across <strong>15 states </strong>and infecting <strong>hundreds of herds since its onset</strong>. We rapidly developed and optimized <strong>PCR-based detection assays </strong>and <strong>sequencing protocols </strong>to support <strong>H5N1 molecular surveillance</strong>. Using <strong>214 retail milk from 20 states </strong>for methods development, we found that <strong>H5N1 concentrations by digital PCR strongly correlated with qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) values</strong>, with dPCR exhibiting greater <strong>sensitivity</strong>. We also found that <strong>metagenomic sequencing </strong>after <strong>hybrid selection </strong>was best for higher concentration samples while <strong>amplicon sequencing </strong>performs best for lower concentrations. By establishing these methods, we were able to support the <strong>creation of a statewide surveillance program </strong>to test <strong>bulk milk samples </strong>monthly from all cattle dairy farms within <strong>Massachusetts</strong>, which remain negative to date. The methods, workflow, and recommendations described here provide a framework for others aiming to conduct H5N1 surveillance efforts.</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/abstract/" target="_blank">#abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza/" target="_blank">#AVIANINFLUENZA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/bird-flu/" target="_blank">#birdFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/dairy-cow/" target="_blank">#dairyCow</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/dairy-products/" target="_blank">#dairyProducts</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/diagnostic-tests-2/" target="_blank">#diagnosticTests</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/food-safety-2/" target="_blank">#foodSafety</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#h5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/massachusetts/" target="_blank">#massachusetts</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/research-2/" target="_blank">#research</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/usa/" target="_blank">#USA</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong>A single #mutation in <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/bovine/" target="_blank">#bovine</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#influenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#H5N1</a> #hemagglutinin switches specificity to <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/human-2/" target="_blank">#human</a> #receptors</strong></p><p>Source: Science, <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt0180" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt0180</a> </p><p><strong><em><span>Editor’s summary</span></em></strong></p><p><strong>In 2021, a highly pathogenic influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus was detected in North America </strong>that is capable of infecting a <strong>diversity of avian species, marine mammals, and humans</strong>. In 2024, clade 2.3.4.4b virus spread widely in <strong>dairy cattle in the US</strong>, causing <strong>a few mild human cases</strong>, but <strong>retaining specificity for avian receptors</strong>. Historically, this virus has caused up to 30% fatality in humans, so Lin et al. performed <strong>a genetic and structural analysis of the mutations </strong>necessary to fully switch host receptor recognition. A <strong>single glutamic acid to leucine mutation at residue 226 </strong>of the virus hemagglutinin was sufficient to enact the change from avian to human specificity. In nature, the occurrence of this single mutation could be an indicator of human pandemic risk. —Caroline Ash</p><p></p><p><em><span>Abstract</span></em></p><p>In 2024, several human infections with highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b bovine influenza H5N1 viruses in the United States raised concerns about their capability for bovine-to-human or even human-to-human transmission. In this study, <strong>analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) from the first-reported human-infecting bovine H5N1 virus (A/Texas/37/2024, Texas) </strong>revealed <strong>avian-type receptor binding preference</strong>. Notably, <strong>a Gln226Leu substitution switched Texas HA binding specificity to human-type receptors</strong>, which was enhanced when combined with an Asn224Lys mutation. Crystal structures of the Texas HA with avian receptor analog LSTa and its Gln226Leu mutant with human receptor analog LSTc elucidated the structural basis for this preferential receptor recognition. These findings highlight the need for continuous surveillance of emerging mutations in avian and bovine clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses.</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/abstract/" target="_blank">#abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza/" target="_blank">#AVIANINFLUENZA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/bird-flu/" target="_blank">#birdFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/dairy-cow/" target="_blank">#dairyCow</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#h5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/research-2/" target="_blank">#research</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/colombia/" target="_blank">#Colombia</a> – <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> A #H5 viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) – Immediate notification</strong></p><p>Source: WOAH, <a href="https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6085" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6085</a> </p><p><strong>Within the epidemiological surveillance </strong>carried out by the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA) aimed at identifying <strong>clinical signs </strong>consistent with <strong>avian influenza</strong>, <strong>an outbreak </strong>of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) was <strong>detected in the village of Capitancito, municipality of Acandí, Chocó</strong>. This outbreak concerns <strong>non-poultry birds in a backyard showing clinical signs </strong>characterized by <strong>unusual mortality</strong>. The National Veterinary System is carrying out epidemiological tracing and follow-up activities in the area of origin of the affected bird. As a control measure, <strong>stamping out </strong>of the birds present in the affected premises is being carried out. In addition, <strong>epidemiological surveillance is being reinforced </strong>in the surrounding area to detect additional cases and prevent the spread of the outbreak. </p><p>___</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/captive-birds/" target="_blank">#captiveBirds</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/colombia/" target="_blank">#COLOMBIA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/updates-2/" target="_blank">#updates</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/woah/" target="_blank">#WOAH</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong>Controlling minor #outbreaks is necessary to #prepare for major #pandemics</strong></p><p>Source: PLoS Biology, Perspective, <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002945" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002945</a> </p><p>{Summary}</p><p>Ongoing <strong>influenza H5N1 outbreaks </strong>highlight the need for <strong>timely, scalable interventions </strong>that draw on <strong>lessons from COVID-19</strong>. In particular, <strong>successful pandemic preparedness </strong>requires <strong>early outbreak management</strong>, including effective responses targeting <strong>spillovers </strong>before there is <strong>evidence of human-to-human transmission</strong>.</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/abstract/" target="_blank">#abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/pandemic-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#pandemicInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/pandemic-preparedness-2/" target="_blank">#pandemicPreparedness</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/research-2/" target="_blank">#research</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong>#Drosten on the #danger of <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/birdflu/" target="_blank">#birdflu</a>: “I fear that the time has now been missed”</strong></p><p>Source: T-Online, <a href="https://www.t-online.de/gesundheit/aktuelles/id_100543766/virologe-drosten-zur-h5n1-gefahr-aus-der-corona-pandemie-nichts-gelernt-.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.t-online.de/gesundheit/aktuelles/id_100543766/virologe-drosten-zur-h5n1-gefahr-aus-der-corona-pandemie-nichts-gelernt-.html</a> </p><p>{Excerpt, original article in German.}</p><blockquote><p>The next epidemic is spreading: the number of bird flu infections is increasing in the USA. Experts such as virologist Drosten criticize the authorities’ actions.</p><p>T-Online.de</p></blockquote><p>According to experts, <strong>it is doubtful that we have learned anything from the coronavirus pandemic</strong>. In many countries, <strong>pandemic plans have been dusted off </strong>or even created in the first place. But a current example shows that in cases of doubt, <strong>too little is still being done to stop the spread of dangerous pathogens </strong>as early as possible: the H5N1 bird flu viruses in <strong>US dairy farms</strong>. Since the first detections in March, according to the US Department of Agriculture, H5N1 cases have been recorded in hundreds of farms in many states.</p><p>(…)</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/pandemic-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#pandemicInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/pandemic-preparedness-2/" target="_blank">#pandemicPreparedness</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> A(#H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.2.1a in #Traveler Returning to <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/australia-2/" target="_blank">#Australia</a> from <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/india-2/" target="_blank">#India</a>, 2024</strong></p><p>Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal, <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/1/24-1210_article" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/1/24-1210_article</a> </p><p><strong><em><span>Abstract</span></em></strong><br>We report highly pathogenic <strong>avian influenza A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.2.1a in a child traveler </strong>returning to <strong>Australia from India</strong>. The virus was <strong>a previously unreported reassortant </strong>consisting of clade <strong>2.3.2.1a, 2.3.4.4b, </strong>and <strong>wild bird low pathogenicity avian influenza gene </strong>segments. These findings highlight surveillance gaps in South Asia.</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/abstract/" target="_blank">#abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/australia-2/" target="_blank">#australia</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/human-2/" target="_blank">#human</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/india-2/" target="_blank">#india</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/reassortant-strain/" target="_blank">#REASSORTANTSTRAIN</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/research-2/" target="_blank">#research</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/usa/" target="_blank">#USA</a>, Novel <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> A <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#H5N1</a> Virus {week 47, FluView}: 2 new cases in California (State Total = 31)</strong></p><p>Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-47.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-47.html</a> </p><p>{Excerpts}</p><p>(…)</p><p><strong>Two confirmed human infections with influenza A(H5) viruses were reported </strong>to CDC this week by the <strong>California </strong>Department of Public Health. To date, <strong>human-to-human transmission of influenza A(H5) virus has not been identified </strong>in the United States.</p><p>These cases occurred in <strong>workers at commercial dairy cattle farms </strong>in areas where highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses had been detected in cows. There have now been <strong>31 total confirmed cases and one probable human case in California</strong>.</p><p>Both individuals reported this week are <strong>≥18 years old</strong>. These individuals had <strong>mild symptoms, </strong>which they reported to local health department officials. Specimens were collected from the individuals and were initially tested at state or local public health laboratories using the CDC influenza A(H5) assay before being sent to CDC for further testing. Specimens from the confirmed cases were positive for influenza A(H5) virus using diagnostic RT-PCR at CDC. Additional analysis including genetic sequencing is underway.</p><p>In response to these detections, additional case investigations and surveillance activities are being conducted by public health officials in <strong>California and Washington</strong>.</p><p><strong>The CSTE position statement</strong>, which includes updated case definitions for confirmed, probable, and suspect cases is available at <a href="http://www.cste.org/resource/resmgr/position_statements_files_2023/24-ID-09_Novel_Influenza_A.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.cste.org/resource/resmgr/position_statements_files_2023/24-ID-09_Novel_Influenza_A.pdf</a></p><p><strong>An up-to-date human case summary </strong>during the 2024 outbreak by state and exposure source is available at <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary/index.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary/index.html</a></p><p><strong>Information about avian influenza </strong>is available at <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/index.htm" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/index.htm</a>.</p><p><strong>Interim recommendations </strong>for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations are available at <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim-recommendations.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim-recommendations.html</a>.</p><p><strong>The latest case reports </strong>on avian influenza outbreaks in wild birds, commercial poultry, backyard or hobbyist flocks, and mammals in the United States are available from the USDA at <a href="https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease-information/avian/avian-influenza/2022-hpai" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease-information/avian/avian-influenza/2022-hpai</a>.</p><p>(…)</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza/" target="_blank">#AVIANINFLUENZA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/bird-flu/" target="_blank">#birdFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/california-2/" target="_blank">#california</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#h5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/human-2/" target="_blank">#human</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/updates-2/" target="_blank">#updates</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/us-cdc/" target="_blank">#USCDC</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/usa/" target="_blank">#USA</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/usa/" target="_blank">#USA</a>, Suspected Case of Highly Pathogenic Avian <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#H5N1</a> Detected in {#poultry} #Tennessee</strong></p><p>Source: Department of Agriculture, <a href="https://www.tn.gov/agriculture/news/2024/11/27/suspected-case-of-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-detected-in-tennessee.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.tn.gov/agriculture/news/2024/11/27/suspected-case-of-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-detected-in-tennessee.html</a> </p><p>{Excerpt}</p><p>Wednesday, November 27, 2024 | 03:31pm</p><p>NASHVILLE – The Tennessee State Veterinarian is <strong>reporting a suspected detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in West Tennessee</strong>. This occurrence affects <strong>a commercial chicken facility in Gibson County</strong>.</p><p>Following <strong>a sudden spike in deaths in the flock</strong>, testing at the Breathitt Veterinary Center Laboratory in Hopkinsville, Ky. determined the cause is likely <strong>a form of highly pathogenic avian influenza</strong>. <strong>Sequencing </strong>to determine the specific influenza strain is pending.</p><p>“Although we are awaiting final confirmation, we are confident the illness affecting this flock is HPAI,” Dr. Samantha Beaty said. “HPAI continues to circulate in our environment, particularly in the wild bird population. As always, we strongly encourage people who own birds to practice strong biosecurity to protect their flock.”</p><p>HPAI is a highly transmissible disease known to be deadly for domesticated fowl. Fowl can be exposed to HPAI through human interactions and through contact with wild birds.</p><p>Animal health officials have <strong>established a 10 kilometer (6.2 mile) control zone surrounding the affected facility</strong>. Within the zone, poultry will be tested and monitored for illness and poultry movement requires permitting until the zone is released. Animal Health staff members are reaching out to poultry owners within the control zone to explain the situation, answer questions, and provide information. If you have concerns about your location, please email Animal.Health@tn.gov or call (615) 837-5120 and staff will help determine if your flock is within the zone.</p><p>Although HPAI does not pose a food safety risk, no infected poultry will be allowed to enter the food supply. Poultry and eggs are safe to eat when handled and cooked properly. The risk of human infection with avian influenza during poultry outbreaks is very low. In fact, no transmission to humans was reported during the outbreak that affected backyard and commercial poultry farms in Tennessee in 2022.</p><p>(…)</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza/" target="_blank">#AVIANINFLUENZA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/bird-flu/" target="_blank">#birdFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#h5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/poultry-2/" target="_blank">#poultry</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/tennessee/" target="_blank">#tennessee</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/updates-2/" target="_blank">#updates</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/usa/" target="_blank">#USA</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/birdflu/" target="_blank">#Birdflu</a> Cases Rise: <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/who/" target="_blank">#WHO</a> Calls for Tight #Surveillance to Prevent <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/pandemic/" target="_blank">#Pandemic</a> #Risk</strong></p><p>Source: Indozone, <a href="https://health.indozone.id/news/485366793/kasus-flu-burung-meningkat-who-serukan-pengawasan-ketat-untuk-cegah-risiko-pandemi#google_vignette" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://health.indozone.id/news/485366793/kasus-flu-burung-meningkat-who-serukan-pengawasan-ketat-untuk-cegah-risiko-pandemi#google_vignette</a> </p><p>{Excerpts, article in Bahasa Indonesia.}</p><p>INDOZONE.ID – On Thursday (11/28/2024), the <strong>World Health Organization </strong>( WHO ) called on <strong>countries around the world to increase surveillance for bird flu </strong>. This appeal came after the <strong>first case of bird flu infection was detected in a child in the United States</strong>. According to <strong>Maria Van Kerkhove</strong>, WHO’s Director of Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, the <strong>number of H5N1 infections in humans in various countries has shown a small but significant increase </strong>in recent years. She said this at a press conference. </p><p>(…)</p><blockquote><p>“We need much more robust <strong>surveillance</strong>, both in the US and in other countries, especially in animals like wild birds, poultry and other animals that are susceptible to infection, including pigs and dairy cattle. That way, we can better understand the spread of this virus in these animals,”.</p><p>Maria Van Kerkhove said, as reported by News Asia, Friday (11/29/2024)</p></blockquote><p>(…)</p><pre><strong><em>"We have not seen any evidence of human-to-human transmission. However, every case that occurs requires a thorough investigation," he explained.</em></strong></pre><p>(…)</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza/" target="_blank">#AVIANINFLUENZA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/bird-flu/" target="_blank">#birdFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/california-2/" target="_blank">#california</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#h5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/human-2/" target="_blank">#human</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/pandemic-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#pandemicInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/pandemic-preparedness-2/" target="_blank">#pandemicPreparedness</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/usa/" target="_blank">#USA</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong>Chinese #Taipei – <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> A <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#H5N1</a> viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) – Immediate notification</strong></p><p>Source: WOAH, <a href="https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6052" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6052</a> </p><p>Sample from <strong>Annan District, Tainan City</strong>, was sent to the National Laboratory, Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), for diagnosis. Highly pathogenic <strong>avian influenza H5N1 subtype </strong>was confirmed by VRI. The sampling spot was disinfected. Surrounding <strong>poultry farms within 3 km radius </strong>of the sampling spot are under intensified <strong>surveillance </strong>for 28 days. A <strong>weak black-faced spoonbill </strong>(Platalea minor) was found at the important <strong>wetland in Sicao, Annan District</strong>, Tainan City. The specimen was sent to the National Reference Laboratory for testing. The <strong>bird died on November 7 </strong>and was confirmed as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) on November 9.</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/taiwan-2/" target="_blank">#taiwan</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/updates-2/" target="_blank">#updates</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/wild-birds/" target="_blank">#WILDBIRDS</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/woah/" target="_blank">#WOAH</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong>A 2022 avian <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#H5N1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#influenza</a> A virus from clade 2.3.4.4b attaches to and replicates better in <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/human-2/" target="_blank">#human</a> respiratory #epithelium than a 2005 H5N1 virus from clade 2.3.2.1</strong></p><p>Source: BioRxIV, <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.27.625596v1?rss=1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.27.625596v1?rss=1</a> </p><p><strong><em><span>Abstract</span></em></strong><br><span>Background</span>: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses of the <strong>A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (GsGd) lineage </strong>pose <strong>significant global risks to wildlife, domestic animals, and humans</strong>. Recent <strong>cross-species transmission events to mammals</strong>, including humans, highlight this risk. Critical determinants for cross-species and intra-species transmission include the <strong>ability to attach to and replicate in respiratory epithelial cells</strong>. Although these factors have been studied for HPAI H5N1 viruses in the past, limited studies are available for currently circulating strains. </p><p><span>Methods</span>: We compared <strong>level of adaptation to human respiratory tract </strong>of a HPAI <strong>H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b (H5N1.2022) </strong>virus with those of well characterized HPAI <strong>H5N1 clade 2.1.3.2 (H5N1.2005) </strong>and <strong>seasonal H3N2.2003 viruses </strong>by three methods. First, we compared <strong>pattern of virus attachment </strong>by virus <strong>histochemistry</strong>. Second, we compared <strong>efficiency of infection </strong>and <strong>replication</strong>, as well as <strong>innate immune responses </strong>in human respiratory epithelium in vitro. Lastly, we compared <strong>polymerase complex activity </strong>in a minigenome assay. </p><p><span>Findings</span>: The <strong>H5N1.2022 virus </strong>attached more <strong>abundantly </strong>to and <strong>replicated more efficiently </strong>in cells of the human respiratory tract compared to H5N1.2005 and H3N2.2003 viruses. This <strong>increased replication </strong>was not associated with an increased <strong>polymerase activity </strong>of H5N1.2022 virus compared to H3N2.2003 virus. The <strong>efficient replication </strong>of H5N1.2022 virus infection induced a <strong>robust innate immune response </strong>almost comparable to H3N2.2003. </p><p><span>Interpretation</span>: The <strong>pattern of virus attachment and replication </strong>efficiency of a HPAI H5N1.2022 virus <strong>resembled that of H3N2.2003 virus more closely </strong>than a HPAI H5N12005. This could contribute to an increased risk for both human infection and virus adaptations to humans.</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/abstract/" target="_blank">#abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza/" target="_blank">#AVIANINFLUENZA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/bird-flu/" target="_blank">#birdFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#h5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/research-2/" target="_blank">#research</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/viral-pathogenesis/" target="_blank">#viralPathogenesis</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/usa/" target="_blank">#USA</a>, #California: DPH Warns Against Drinking Second Lot of Raw <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/milk/" target="_blank">#Milk</a> Following {#H5N1} <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/birdflu/" target="_blank">#Birdflu</a> {virus} #Detection </strong></p><p>Source: Department of Health, <a href="https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR24-042.aspx" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR24-042.aspx</a> </p><p>November 27, 2024<br>NR24-042</p><pre><strong><em>Voluntary recall underway; Pasteurized milk is safe to drink</em></strong></pre><p><strong><span>What You Need to Know</span></strong>: CDPH is issuing another <strong><em>warning to Californians not to consume an additional batch of cream top, whole raw milk from Raw Farm, LLC of Fresno County due to a second detection of bird flu virus</em></strong>. Raw Farm, LLC issued a voluntary recall at the state’s request of the affected <strong>lot code 20241119 with a Best By 12/07/2024</strong>. Consumers should <strong>immediately return any remaining product </strong>to the store where it was purchased. Pasteurized milk remains safe to drink.</p><p>Sacramento – The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) is issuing a second warning to Californians to not consume raw milk produced and packaged by Raw Farm, LLC of Fresno County due to a detection of bird flu virus in a second retail sample. At the state’s request, the company has issued a voluntary recall of the affected milk lot code number 20241119 with a Best By date of 12/07/2024 printed on the packaging.</p><p><strong>No human bird flu cases associated with the product have been detected</strong>. As the state continues to investigate the link between bird flu detections in <strong>retail raw milk </strong>and the <strong>ongoing spread of bird flu in dairy cows, poultry, and sporadic human cases</strong>, <strong>consumers </strong>are strongly <strong>urged to not consume any of the affected raw milk</strong>. Customers should immediately return any remaining product to the retail point of purchase.</p><p>The California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) was onsite at <strong>Raw Farm’s milk processing facility today</strong>, November 27, collecting <strong>additional samples </strong>of stored bulk tank milk and bottled products. Results from that additional testing are pending.</p><p>As with the testing that led to the November 24 voluntary recall notice, the <strong>Santa Clara County Public Health Laboratory </strong>tested raw milk products from retail stores in their county as a second line of consumer protection. The county identified <strong>bird flu in this second sample of raw milk </strong>purchased at a retail outlet.</p><p><strong><span>Risks Associated with Raw Milk</span></strong><br>Public health experts have long warned consumers against consuming raw milk or raw milk products due to <strong>elevated risks of foodborne illness</strong>. Outbreaks due to Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, toxin producing E. coli, Brucella, Campylobacter, and many other bacteria have all been reported related to consuming raw dairy products. Raw milk products are not pasteurized, a heating process that kills bacteria and viruses such as bird flu. </p><p><strong>Pasteurized milk and milk products are safe </strong>to consume because the heating process kills pathogens, including bird flu, that can cause illness.</p><p><strong>Drinking or accidentally inhaling raw milk containing bird flu virus may lead to illness</strong>. In addition, <strong><em>touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands after touching raw milk with bird flu virus may also lead to infection. </em></strong>Symptoms of bird flu infection in humans include eye redness or discharge, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, diarrhea, vomiting, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue, trouble breathing and fever. Anyone who has consumed these specific products, and is experiencing these symptoms, should immediately contact their health care provider or local health department.</p><p><strong><span>California Regularly Tests Raw Milk</span></strong><br>As part of the state’s bird flu response, testing of raw milk from dairies has been increased to help prevent raw milk consumers from getting the virus. Once bird flu was found in California dairy herds, the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) began regular testing of raw milk in bulk tanks. In response to these recent positive tests from two retail raw milk batches, CDFA followed up with immediate additional sampling and testing at Raw Farm.</p><p><strong><span>Pasteurized Milk is Safe to Drink</span></strong><br>Pasteurized milk is safe to drink. Pasteurization, one of the most significant scientific food safety discoveries in human history, is the process of heating milk to specific temperatures for a certain length of time to kill many microorganisms and enzymes that lead to spoilage and illness. Pasteurization kills the bird flu virus and other harmful germs that can be found in raw milk. CDPH advises consumers not to drink raw milk or eat raw milk products due to the risk of foodborne illnesses. </p><p><strong><span>About Bird Flu</span></strong><br>Since early October, California has reported <strong>29 confirmed human cases of bird flu</strong>, 28 of whom had direct contact with infected dairy cows. <strong>No person-to-person spread </strong>of bird flu has been detected in California or the U.S. To date, all cases have reported <strong>mild symptoms </strong>(primarily eye infections), and <strong>none have been hospitalized</strong>. Because bird flu viruses can change and gain the ability to spread more easily between people, public health officials have provided preventive measures and are monitoring animal and human infections carefully. </p><p><strong><span>Protecting Public Health</span></strong><br>California continues to take swift and comprehensive action in response to the detection of bird flu in dairy cows across the Central Valley, demonstrating a strong commitment to public health and worker safety. While the overall risk to the public remains low, the state is prioritizing containment efforts, raising public awareness, and providing resources to those at higher risk. Key initiatives include the distribution of personal protective equipment (PPE), increased testing, and robust surveillance of infected areas.</p><p>Through coordinated efforts between agencies like CDPH, the California Department of Food and Agriculture, and CalOES, California is leading a cross-agency response that includes multilingual outreach to dairy and poultry workers, a targeted social media campaign to promote preventive practices, and media interviews to keep the public informed. Additionally, the state is ensuring that farm workers have access to additional doses of seasonal flu vaccine from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to reduce concurrent flu risks.</p><p><strong>Specifically, the state is</strong>:</p><p>— <strong>Working with local, state, and federal partners to monitor bird flu in farm animals and people </strong>who work closely with poultry and dairy cows.<br>— <strong>Distributing protective gear to dairy farms and workers </strong>who have contact with infected dairy cows or raw milk to reduce the risk of getting bird flu.<br>— <strong>Helping ensure individuals with symptoms </strong>of or exposure to bird flu have access to testing and treatment. <br>— <strong>Conducting timely public education efforts </strong>to ensure those impacted have information about bird flu.</p><p><strong><span>How Bird Flu Spreads</span></strong><br>— <strong>Touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands </strong>after contact with raw milk from an infected cow, or other contaminated items or surfaces.<br>— <strong>Raw milk from an infected cow splashed into eyes</strong>, nose, or mouth.<br>— <strong>Drinking raw milk </strong>from a cow infected with bird flu virus. </p><p><strong><span>More Resources</span></strong><br>— <strong>For the latest information </strong>on the state’s bird flu response, visit CDPH’s Bird Flu webpage and CDFA’s H5N1 Bird Flu Virus in Livestock site.<br>— <strong>For information on the national bird flu response</strong>, see CDC’s Bird Flu Response Update.<br>— <strong>For work-related questions </strong>or complaints related to bird flu, contact the Cal/OSHA Call Center in English or Spanish at 1-833-579-0927. Employers can contact the California Occupational Health and Safety Division at 800-963-9424 for a free consultation to strengthen their illness and injury safety program. <br>— <strong>Farmers should contact the California Department of Food </strong>and Agriculture’s bird flu hotline at 866-922-2473 if they suspect their animals are infected with bird flu.</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-flu/" target="_blank">#avianFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/bird-flu/" target="_blank">#birdFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/california-2/" target="_blank">#california</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/dairy-cow/" target="_blank">#dairyCow</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/dairy-products/" target="_blank">#dairyProducts</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/food-safety-2/" target="_blank">#foodSafety</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#h5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/updates-2/" target="_blank">#updates</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/usa/" target="_blank">#USA</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/hungary/" target="_blank">#Hungary</a> – <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> A <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#H5N1</a> viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) – Immediate notification</strong></p><p>Source: WOAH, <a href="https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6055" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6055</a> </p><p>Unspecified domestic non-poultry birds in Bács-Kiskun Region.</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/hungary/" target="_blank">#hungary</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/updates-2/" target="_blank">#updates</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/woah/" target="_blank">#WOAH</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/china-2/" target="_blank">#China</a>, #HK: <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/exercise/" target="_blank">#Exercise</a> “Amazonite” enhances #Government’s #response to <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/human-2/" target="_blank">#human</a> case of avian <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#influenza</a> (with photos/video)</strong></p><p>Source: Centre for Health Protection, <a href="https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202411/27/P2024112700515.htm?fontSize=1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202411/27/P2024112700515.htm?fontSize=1</a> </p><pre><strong><em>The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health (DH), in collaboration with relevant government departments, today (November 27) conducted <span>a public health exercise</span>, <span>code-named "Amazonite"</span>, to enhance its <span>response capabilities</span> in dealing with a human case of avian influenza infection, and to strengthen the execution and co-ordination abilities of the DH and relevant departments in response to a human case of avian influenza, in order to enhance awareness among stakeholders on the handling of public health emergencies.</em></strong></pre><p><strong>The exercise consisted of two parts</strong>. The ground movement exercise today was held at the Cheung Sha Wan Temporary Wholesale Poultry Market. Under the exercise simulation, the CHP had received a notification from the Hospital Authority (HA) about a woman with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection, and commenced epidemiological investigations immediately. The investigations revealed that the patient was a chicken stallholder at a wet market. The CHP co-ordinated with relevant departments to conduct on-site investigations and risk assessment, and implement control measures at the patient’s residential building, the market where she worked, the wholesale poultry market, and related chicken farms. The ground movement exercise tested the capability of the CHP and relevant departments to carry out investigation and control measures, which included contact tracing and prescription of prophylactic antiviral therapy; chicken, environmental and sewage sampling; culling of chickens and disinfecting environmental. Approximately 30 personnel from four government departments participated in this ground movement exercise, along with over 30 experts from the Mainland, Macao and Singapore health authorities, who were invited to attend as observers.</p><p><strong>The expert observers also attended the exercise briefing </strong>held at the CHP in the morning before the ground movement exercise, and visited the Lai Wan Market in the afternoon after the ground movement exercise to learn about the design features of new-style poultry stalls in the market.</p><p><strong>The first part of the exercise, </strong>conducted on November 7, was a table-top exercise in which four relevant government departments and the HA discussed and co-ordinated the response measures required in a simulated scenario when a local human case of avian influenza A (H5N1) was reported in Hong Kong.</p><p><strong>“This exercise provided a valuable opportunity for relevant government departments </strong>and the HA to test the response capabilities of stakeholders in the handling of a human case of avian influenza. The DH has held 30 similar exercises in the past, simulating the situation with cases such as measles, plague, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and Ebola virus disease to enhance the community and healthcare personnel’s awareness of possible epidemics, and keep them alert and prepared,” the spokesman for the CHP said.</p><p><strong>Avian influenza is caused by influenza A viruses </strong>that mainly affect birds and poultry, such as chickens or ducks. Some avian influenza viruses can infect and spread to other animals, such as mammals, as well. Humans mainly become infected with avian influenza virus through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated environments.</p><p><strong>“According to the World Health Organization (WHO) </strong>and health authorities outside Hong Kong, as of November 2024, more than 900 human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) have been reported worldwide. So far this year, an increasing number of related cases were reported globally than previous years, with most of them reported from the United States. Locally, avian influenza is one of the statutory notifiable infectious diseases in Hong Kong. Since 1997, a total of 22 human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) have been recorded in Hong Kong, among which seven had died. The most recent case was recorded in 2012. Although there is no evidence of genetic mutations in the avian influenza A (H5N1) virus that are associated with increased infectivity among people, the WHO has indicated that the global mortality rate of human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) in the past 20 years has exceeded 50 per cent. We shall stay vigilant and get prepared to prevent and combat the disease,” the spokesman said.</p><p>For more information on avian influenza, the public may visit the CHP’s thematic page on avian influenza.</p><p>Ends/Wednesday, November 27, 2024<br>Issued at HKT 19:45</p><p>____</p><p></p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza/" target="_blank">#AVIANINFLUENZA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/bird-flu/" target="_blank">#birdFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/china-2/" target="_blank">#china</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#h5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/hk-prc-sar/" target="_blank">#HKPRCSAR</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/pandemic-preparedness-2/" target="_blank">#pandemicPreparedness</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/updates-2/" target="_blank">#updates</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong>Avian <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#influenza</a> virus #circulation and #immunity in a wild urban #duck population prior to and during a highly pathogenic <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#H5N1</a> outbreak</strong></p><p>Source: Veterinary Research, <a href="https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13567-024-01397-5" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13567-024-01397-5</a> </p><p><strong><em><span>Abstract</span></em></strong><br>Highly pathogenic <strong>avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses </strong>were first detected in <strong>St. John’s, Canada in late 2021</strong>. To investigate the <strong>patterns of avian influenza virus </strong>(AIV) infection and <strong>immune responses subsequent to the arrival of H5N1</strong>, we sampled the <strong>wild urban duck population </strong>in this area for a period of <strong>16 months </strong>after the start of the outbreak and compared these findings to those from archived samples. <strong>Antibody seroprevalence </strong>was relatively stable before the outbreak (2011–2014) at <strong>27.6% and 3.9% for anti-AIV </strong>(i.e., NP) and <strong>H5-specific antibodies</strong>, respectively. During the winter of 2022, AIV-NP and H5-specific antibody <strong>seroprevalence both reached 100%, </strong>signifying a <strong>population-wide infection event</strong>, which was observed again in late February 2023 following a <strong>second H5N1 incursion from Eurasia</strong>. As expected, <strong>population-level immunity waned over time</strong>, with ducks seropositive for anti-AIV-NP antibodies for approximately twice as long as for H5-specific antibodies, with the population seronegative to the latter after approximately six months. We observed <strong>a clear relationship of increasing antibody levels </strong>with decreasing viral RNA loads that allowed for interpretation of the course of infection and immune response in infected individuals and applied these findings to two cases of resampled ducks to infer infection history. Our study highlights the value of applying both AIV surveillance and seroprevalence monitoring to provide a better understanding of AIV dynamics in wild populations, which may be crucial following the <strong>global dissemination of clade 2.3.4.4b H5Nx </strong>subtypes to assess the threats they pose to both wild and domestic animals, and to humans.</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/abstract/" target="_blank">#abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza/" target="_blank">#AVIANINFLUENZA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/bird-flu/" target="_blank">#birdFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/canada-2/" target="_blank">#canada</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#h5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/research-2/" target="_blank">#research</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/wild-birds/" target="_blank">#WILDBIRDS</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong>Sustained <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/vaccine/" target="_blank">#vaccine</a> #exposure elicits more rapid, consistent, and broad #humoral immune responses to multivalent <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#influenza</a> #vaccines</strong></p><p>Source: BioRxIV, <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.28.591370v2" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.28.591370v2</a> </p><p><strong><em><span>Abstract</span></em></strong><br>With the ever-present <strong>threat of pandemics</strong>, it is imperative we develop <strong>vaccine technologies eliciting broad and durable immunity </strong>to high-risk pathogens. Yet, current annual influenza vaccines, for example, <strong>fail to provide robust immunity </strong>against the 3-4 homologous strains they contain, let alone heterologous strains. Herein, we demonstrate that <strong>sustained delivery of multivalent influenza vaccines </strong>from an <strong>injectable polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel technology </strong>induces more rapid, consistent, and potent humoral immune responses against multiple homologous viruses, as well as <strong>potent responses against heterologous viruses </strong>and potential <strong>pandemic subtypes H5N1, H7N9 and H9N2. </strong>Further, admixing PNP <strong>hydrogels </strong>with commercial influenza vaccines results in stronger <strong>hemagglutination inhibition </strong>against both heterologous and homologous viruses. We show this enhanced potency and breadth arises from higher affinity antibodies targeting both the hemagglutinin stem and head. Overall, this simple and effective sustained delivery platform for multivalent annual influenza vaccines generates durable, potent, and remarkably broad immunity to influenza.</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah7n9-2/" target="_blank">#aH7n9</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah9n2-2/" target="_blank">#aH9n2</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/abstract/" target="_blank">#abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/covid-19/" target="_blank">#COVID19</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#influenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-a/" target="_blank">#influenzaA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/research-2/" target="_blank">#research</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/vaccine/" target="_blank">#vaccine</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/vaccines-2/" target="_blank">#vaccines</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p><strong>#Netherlands, <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/birdflu/" target="_blank">#Birdflu</a> virus detected in Putten hen #farm</strong></p><p>Source: Government of Netherlands, <a href="https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2024/11/18/vogelgriep-vastgesteld-in-putten" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2024/11/18/vogelgriep-vastgesteld-in-putten</a> </p><p>{Edited}</p><p>News item | 18-11-2024 | 11:47</p><pre><strong><em>In Putten (province of Gelderland), bird flu has been detected at an organic laying hen farm. To prevent the spread of the virus, the approximately 23,000 chickens at the location are being culled by the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA). This is the first outbreak since December 2023; this is a major disappointment and a drastic event for poultry farmers.</em></strong></pre><p>Minister Femke Marije Wiersma: </p><p>“Unfortunately, after a long period, we are again dealing with a company with a bird flu infection. We knew that this would happen sooner or later, but it remains drastic. I can imagine that this is a heavy blow for the poultry farmer involved. We are taking appropriate measures and are closely monitoring the situation.”</p><p>There are no other poultry farms within the 1-kilometre zone. There are 13 poultry farms within the 3-kilometre zone. These farms are clinically screened by the NVWA and then monitored for 10 days by the Animal Health Service (GD) by means of carcass sampling and telephone monitoring. There are 58 other poultry farms in the 10-kilometre zone.</p><p><strong><span>Measures in the 10 km restriction zone<br></span></strong>A transport ban applies immediately in the entire 10-kilometre zone. This means that no poultry, hatching or consumption eggs may be transported from locations with birds in this zone. There is also a ban on the removal of bird manure and used litter, and on other animals and animal products from companies with birds. These measures are necessary to prevent the spread to other parts of the country.</p><p>There is also a housing and screening obligation in the entire 10-kilometre zone. The housing obligation applies to all commercially kept birds and the screening obligation applies to non-commercially kept risk birds (for example, hobby chickens). The screening and housing obligation is an effective preventive measure to prevent new infections, because the chance of contact between wild infected birds and kept birds is reduced.</p><p>The location of the 10-kilometre zone can be seen on the animal disease viewer of the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO).</p><p><strong><span>Tracing research<br></span></strong>The NVWA is conducting tracing research into risky contacts. This will investigate whether products or poultry were transported to and from this location in the period prior to the report. If necessary, additional measures will be taken, such as extra sampling or blocking a risky contact company. These measures will be reported via an update in this press release and via the online channels of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Nature (LVVN).</p><p><strong><span>No national measures<br></span></strong>There is currently no national obligation to confine and screen animals in the Netherlands. This infection in Putten is not a reason to immediately introduce a national obligation to confine and screen animals. However, the expert group on animal diseases will be asked to meet in the short term for a risk assessment in response to this new situation.</p><p>(…)</p><p>_____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza/" target="_blank">#AVIANINFLUENZA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/bird-flu/" target="_blank">#birdFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#h5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/poultry-2/" target="_blank">#poultry</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/the-netherlands-2/" target="_blank">#theNetherlands</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/updates-2/" target="_blank">#updates</a></p>
ETIDIoH<p>Source: WOAH, <a href="https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6007" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6007</a> </p><p>Domestic birds in a village in Kharkiv Region.</p><p>____</p><p><span></span></p><p><a href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/11/12/ukraine-influenza-a-h5n1-viruses-of-high-pathogenicity-inf-with-non-poultry-including-wild-birds-2017-immediate-notification-3/" class="" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/11/12/ukraine-influenza-a-h5n1-viruses-of-high-pathogenicity-inf-with-non-poultry-including-wild-birds-2017-immediate-notification-3/</a></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/poultry-2/" target="_blank">#poultry</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ukraine-2/" target="_blank">#ukraine</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/updates-2/" target="_blank">#updates</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/woah/" target="_blank">#WOAH</a></p>
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