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#physiology

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Dave Muth

Different animal brains develop in different ways from different cells. We are surrounded by ALIEN intelligences.

Here's another brain research link, to Dr. Maria Antonietta Tosches work on brain development:
tosches-lab.com/research

The text on the page goes into digestible details. But the talk video she gives there is an hour long deep dive.

It's all cool stuff.
#Brain #Science #Neuroscience #Physiology bne.social/@phocks/11430820558

Tosches LabResearch | Tosches Lab
Public
Nicola Romanò

Our new preprint is now out!

Dynamic transcriptional heterogeneity in pituitary corticotrophs

biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20

We analysed publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data of pituitary gland tissue and looked at corticotrophs, cells that are central to mediate stress responses.

We identified several transcriptional states in these cells that are related to how they respond to stress. Cells are able to transition between these states and this might be helpful for them to respond to stress coming at unpredictable times.

We also highlight issues related to using scRNAseq to look at functional subpopulations of cells.

bioRxiv · Dynamic transcriptional heterogeneity in pituitary corticotrophsA large body of evidence has shown that corticotrophs, the anterior pituitary cells central to the generation of hormonal stress responses, exhibit heterogeneous functional behavior, suggesting the presence of functional sub-populations of corticotrophs. We investigated whether this was the case at the transcriptomic level by conducting a comprehensive analysis of scRNA-seq datasets from rodent pituitary cells. We envisaged two alternative scenarios, one where robust subtypes of corticotrophs exist, and the other where these subpopulations were only transient states, possibly transitioning into one another. Our findings suggest that corticotrophs transition between multiple transcriptional states rather than existing as rigidly defined subpopulations. We employed marker gene-based comparisons and whole transcriptome label transfer approaches to analyze transcriptional signatures across datasets. Marker-based clustering revealed strikingly low similarity in the identified subpopulations across datasets. This analysis evidenced the presence of transcriptional states with different functional relevance, related to different stages of hormonal signalling. Similarly, the label transfer approach, which considers non-linear interactions across the entire transcriptome showed that transcriptional states could be detected across independent datasets. This classification relied on broader gene expression patterns rather than conventional marker genes, reinforcing the notion of continuous rather than discrete cell states. Furthermore, trajectory analysis by RNA velocity indicated dynamic transitions between transcriptional states, suggesting the presence of transcriptional mechanisms facilitating rapid recruitment of corticotrophs in response to physiological demands. Our findings align with evidence from other endocrine cell types, such as lactotrophs and pancreatic β-cells, where hormone secretion is linked to fluctuating transcriptional activity. The observed transitions in corticotroph states suggest a mechanism allowing flexible hormonal responses to unpredictable and time-varying stressful events. Additionally, this study highlights the challenges associated with scRNA-seq methodologies, including data sparsity, batch effects, and pseudoreplication, underscoring the need for rigorous experimental design and reproducibility in single-cell transcriptomics research. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of pituitary cell plasticity and endocrine adaptation mechanisms. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
#scrnaseq#stress#physiology
Public
💧🌏 Greg Cocks

Scaling In Branch Thickness And The Fractal Aesthetic Of Trees [In Art From Da Vinci To Mondrian]
--
academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/art <-- shared paper
--
[not my usual fare, but love the spatial mathematical components, although the maths is way over my head!]
#spatial #maths #mathematics #art #painting #representation #daVinci #LeonardodaVinci #MurraysLaw #tree #vegetation #fractal #fractals #α #biology #artwork #radiusscalingexponent #branches #branching #nature #naturalpatterns #proportions #physiology #Mondrian #aesthetic #aesthetics #scale #scaling

a) da Vinci’s sketch of a tree illustrates the principle that combined thickness is preserved at different stages of ramification. b) Transects A and B have the same combined thickness and so limbs a and b together must have the same thickness as c. This has been taken to imply that c) combined cross-sectional area (⁠πR²⁠) is preserved across branching. Likewise, d) such transects can count the number of branches n that have radius approximately r to derive a fractal scaling relationship. Source: (a) from Institut de France Manuscript M, p. 78v.
sketch from one of Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks illustrating his original rules of trees
The scaling exponent α (a) determines the amount of detail at a given resolution and (b) proportions among adjoining boughs.
Trees in artwork across centuries, cultures, and styles exhibit fractal scaling. a) carved stone window screen of Sidi Saiyyed Mosque, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (1573 CE). b) Cherry Blossoms, Matsumura Goshun (1752–1811), ink on paper. c) L’Arbre de Vie (Tree of life), Gustav Klimt (1909), oil on canvas. d) data and inference of α±95% CI in two replicate measurements for each work along with simulated and living trees. Dotted vertical lines indicate the cutoff for excluding small-scale effects. Diameters from simulated and living trees are divided by this minimum value and therefore the horizontal axis is unitless.
Public *
LabPlot

#LabPlot at the service of #science and #researchers!

@labplot@lemmy.kde.social

Boosts appreciated! :boost_love:🚀

We're pleased to know that #LabPlot was used in this recent study on ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) tolerance/persistence:

▶️ link.springer.com/article/10.1

SpringerLinkCeftazidime-avibactam tolerance and persistence among difficult-to-treat KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from bloodstream infections - European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious DiseasesPurpose Tolerance and persistence occur “silently” in bacteria categorized as susceptible by antimicrobial susceptibility testing in clinical microbiology laboratories. They are different from resistance phenomena, not well-studied, and often remain unnoticeable. We aimed to investigate and characterize ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) tolerance/persistence in 80 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from bloodstream infections. Methods We used the Tolerance Disk Test (TDtest) to detect CZA tolerance/persistence and investigate the avibactam (AVI) influence on them, and time-kill assays with minimal duration for killing (MDK) determination to characterize/differentiate CZA tolerance from persistence, for selected isolates. Whole genome sequencing was performed for 49/80 selected isolates to investigate genes related to beta-lactam tolerance/persistence and resistance as well as phylogeny studies. Results Tolerance/persistence to CZA was detected in 48/80 (60%) isolates, all extensively drug-resistant (XDR) or multidrug-resistant, carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKp), KPC producers, and previously categorized as susceptible (not resistant) to CZA. No heteroresistance was detected. CZA tolerance/persistence occurred due to ceftazidime tolerance/persistence and was not related to AVI in the CZA combination. 5/11 isolates were characterized as CZA-tolerant and 5/11 as CZA-persistent. The single (1/11) XDR and CRKp non-KPC producer was truly susceptible. All the CZA-tolerant/persistent isolates (ST11, ST258, ST340, ST437, ST16, ST17, and ST307) harbored the carbapenemase-encoding gene blaKPC−2. Mutation in only two genes (rpoS and degQ) related to beta-lactam tolerance/persistence was found in only 7/49 CZA-tolerant/persistent isolates, suggesting the presence of yet unknown beta-lactam tolerance/persistence genes. Conclusion Among the K. pneumoniae bloodstream isolates studied, 60%, previously categorized as susceptible to CZA, were, actually, tolerant/persistent to this antibiotic, all these KPC producers.
#Research#Medicine#Physiology
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